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Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common type of skin cancer in Ireland, with more than 10,000 cases diagnosed each year. It accounts for approximately 90% of all skin cancers diagnosed.

The two main types of non-melanoma skin cancer are:

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Non-melanoma skin cancers can usually be treated successfully, particularly when detected early, and mortality rates are generally low.

You are at a higher risk of getting non-melanoma skin cancer if you:

  • had non-melanoma skin cancer before
  • have fair skin that does not tan easily
  • got sunburnt often over years
  • were in the sun a lot over years – for example, as an outdoor worker or you lived in a sunny country
  • have many moles or freckles
  • have irregular-shaped moles
  • used sunlamps and sunbeds
  • take medicine that suppresses your immune system
  • have a condition that suppresses your immune system, such as HIV
  • are 65 or older
  • have a family history of skin cancer

In most cases, non-melanoma skin cancer does not run in families. But research shows that in some families more people than usual get it. 

The first sign of non-melanoma skin cancer is usually a lump or crusted area of skin that has not healed. It does not go away and slowly progresses over months or sometimes years. Non-melanoma skin cancer often develops on areas of skin that are in the sun a lot. These include your face, ears, hands, upper chest and neck.

Melanoma accounts for approximately 11% of all skin cancers diagnosed in Ireland (1,243 cases annually between 2018 – 2022). 

Although less common than non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma is more aggressive and can spread to other parts of the body if not detected early. The five-year survival rate for melanoma in Ireland is 93%. 

You are at higher risk of developing melanoma skin cancer if you have:

  • lots of moles on your body. The risk increases if they are large (over 6mm) or an unusual shape.
  • or have atypical moles (dysplastic nevi) that are large or oddly shaped  
  • a close relative who’s had melanoma skin cancer
  • fair skin that does not tan easily
  • red or blonde hair
  • blue eyes
  • a large number of freckles
  • been sunburnt often over years
  • used sunbeds
  • a weakened immune system, due to an illness or medication
  • a previous diagnosis of skin cancer

Melanoma is more common in people over 50, but you can get it at any age. 

The first sign of melanoma is often a new mole or changes in an existing mole.

Normal moles are usually round or oval, with a smooth edge. They are no bigger than 6mm wide.

Anyone can develop skin cancer. However, some people are at greater risk.

Fairer-skinned people with lots of freckles and moles are more at risk. However, if you have skin, you can get skin cancer, so we all need to protect our skin and observe our skin for any new changes.

Most skin cancers are caused by ultraviolet (UV) light damaging the DNA in skin cells. The main source of UV light is sunlight.

Sunlight contains 3 types of UV light:

  • ultraviolet A (UVA)
  • ultraviolet B (UVB)
  • ultraviolet C (UVC)

UVA and UVB damage skin over time, making it more likely for skin cancers to develop. UVC is filtered out by the atmosphere so does not harm our skin.

Artificial sources of UV light, such as sunlamps and tanning beds, also increase your risk of developing skin cancer.

There are some differences between the risks for NMSC and Melanoma. 

A mole that is:

  1. getting bigger
  2. changing shape
  3. changing colour
  4. bleeding or becoming crusty
  5. itchy or sore

Melanomas can develop anywhere on your body, but they most often appear on a man’s back or a woman’s legs. They are usually flat but can be raised.

They can also develop under a nail, on the sole of your foot, in your mouth or in your genitals area, but these types of melanomas are rare.

It is important for everyone to familiarise themselves with all the moles on their skin and not only look for changes in existing moles, but also any new moles or spots that may appear.

Contact your GP as soon as possible if you notice any skin changes that are new for you.

This could be:

  1. A lump that is tender and grows quickly
  2. A cut or break in the skin that does not heal 
  3. Changes in a mole, freckle or patch of skin, especially if the changes happen over a few weeks or months

While it’s not likely to be skin cancer, it’s best to check it out. Your GP can examine your skin for signs of skin cancer. They may refer you to a specialist if they’re unsure or suspect skin cancer. This could be a dermatologist (also called a skin specialist) or a plastic surgeon.

Use the ABCDE check list to check your moles for changes:

A

Asymmetry

If you draw a line down the centre of your mole, is it larger on one side?

B

Border

Are the borders of your mole uneven, jagged or notched?

C

Colour

Has your mole changed colour over time or does it contain several different colours?

D

Diameter

Is the circumference of your mole larger than the top of a rubber on a pencil (larger than 6mm – the size of a pencil rubber), although melanomas can sometimes be smaller than this.

E

Evolving

Has your mole changes in height, appearance or are you experiencing any changes within or around your mole (e.g. itching, bleeding, crusting).

Read about our Skin Cancer Ambassadors Experiences

Gillian Costello

Gill Costelloe was only 36 when she went to her GP to have a large mole on her shoulder checked out. Surgery followed and five years of follow up with no concerns or further suspicious moles. That was until her final appointment in 2021, everything changed.

Gill now shares her story to offer hope and raise awareness about Skin Cancer having been diagnosed at 41 with Stage Four Melanoma.

This is Gill’s story.

In 2016, I was at a wedding and a friend suggested I get the large dark mole on my shoulder checked out. I went to my GP, and he sent me to get it taken off. I had surgery to remove it and was told that it was melanoma, but they had caught it early so I should be fine. I was followed up for 5 years by St Vincents Dermatology Team and nothing else really popped up on my skin that was concerning. I was due to have my final appointment with Dermatology in November 2021 before being discharged for good but on that very day, I was in a room, upstairs in the hospital being told that I had progressed to stage 4 and my melanoma was now terminal.

This all happened during Covid and what alerted me was fainting two mornings in a row. I’m a fainter anyway so I wasn’t that worried and I thought maybe I had Covid. The test came back negative, so I went to my GP, who took one look at me and sent me straight into hospital in an ambulance (I collapsed again as he was taking blood). I thought it was all very dramatic, but it turned out I was so anaemic that one of the doctors in A&E told me that I could have dropped dead within a day or two had I not gone to the doctor.

17 blood transfusions later and I was going downhill very quickly. I got very bad at one stage and was asked to sign a DNR late one evening as they weren’t sure if I would make it through the night. At the time I don’t think I realised how sick I was. CT scans showed that I had cancer in several places, including my breast. They weren’t sure if it was breast cancer or the melanoma that I was diagnosed with 5 years previously, so they had to do a biopsy. The biopsy confirmed it was melanoma. When I sat in that room in a wheelchair, it was surreal. I laughed out loud when they told me I had stage 4 melanoma because I didn’t believe it was happening to me.

This was the very day that I was due to have my last ever appointment with the Dermatology Team, it was the day I was supposed to be sitting in a room in another part of the hospital being told ‘go on and get on with your life now, you have nothing more to worry about’. Instead, I was sitting in a wheelchair, not able to walk. Professor Crown came to my bedside and told me that things weren’t looking good but he would do all in his power to help me. He assured me that treatments for melanoma had improved significantly in recent years and if we were having the same conversation 5 or 10 years ago, it would be a very sad conversation he would be having with me.

I was moved to the oncology ward as my condition deteriorated very quickly from that point. I was started on an immunotherapy clinical trial and had one infusion. My scans were not looking good and the tumour in my stomach was getting larger and my haemoglobin levels were continuing to drop despite all the blood transfusions. I had mets in my hip bone too and this was causing me immense pain, so I was referred to the Palliative Care team to manage my pain and nausea, and they were a great help. I was put on TPN as I could no longer eat, and I had a morphine pump fitted to manage pain. I had a port and a PICC line fitted to help with all the various infusions and TPN I was being given and for taking daily bloods.

Prof Crown wasn’t happy with how I was progressing on the clinical trial, so he decided to switch me to targeted therapy, which consisted of 12 tablets a day. I started the tablets on Christmas Eve so my Christmas dinner in 2021 consisted of a petit filous and a handful of tablets in my hospital bed. All of this was happening during Covid, so I couldn’t have visitors unless pre-arranged with the team and visiting was strictly limited to immediate family and a couple of close friends.

Thankfully, I started to respond better to the tablets and things started to get a bit better for me. My mobility was completely gone though as I was in so much pain with my hip. I was confined to the bed and couldn’t even use a bed pan. I had a lot of physio while I was in hospital and I was seeing the dietician every day when they were weaning me off the TPN onto normal food again. I saw a psycho-oncologist to help me come to terms with what was happening. I found these sessions very difficult because I was too sick to even engage my brain to think about things. There was one Palliative Care nurse and she was amazing.

I used to look forward to her visits every day as she would lift my spirits and tell me all about what was going on in the world – a world I wasn’t sure I would ever get back out to. She treated me like a friend rather than a patient and we chatted about everything and anything to take my mind off the cancer. She did far more for me than any psychologist, she even made me a little bag to carry my morphine pump, something small that meant the world to me. Every day she came to me she left me feeling so much better.

I eventually left hospital in February 2022, after spending exactly 3 months in St Vincents. I left in a wheelchair and had to get myself back on my feet very slowly. It was a real shock to the system going from being a fit, healthy person to a cancer patient with muscle loss and weakness. The tablets were working and things were starting to shrink slowly. I continued to attend the Day Care Centre in St Vincents and have scans every 3 months. I was still in pain and had a lot of nausea even after I left the hospital but over time and with the help of different medications, these have mostly subsided now.

I still suffer from fatigue which I try my best to manage. I got back walking and eventually got enough strength to get out for a walk every day. That was my physio to get me back to a normal enough level of fitness. I was off work for a total of 11 months, but I am now back working full time. Work have been very supportive thank God.

Over the last few years, I have been concentrating on staying well and active to maintain some level of fitness despite the fatigue. To give back, I have raised money for the Marie Keating Foundation by participating in Mondello24, a 24-hour cycle race on the track in Mondello and I have also fundraised for the Irish Heart Foundation by abseiling off the Smithfield Tower. I remain well, thank God, and I have had clear scans for over a year, which I am delighted about.

I have become involved in PPI for Cancer Trials Ireland and the Cancer Centre at St Vincents Hospital Group. I’m very active on social media when it comes to sun safety awareness and I am a member of the Coalition Against Sunbeds.

I want to share my story as a story of hope, as I didn’t have any stories of hope when I was first diagnosed at stage 4. Five years on and I am living a happy and relatively healthy life after I almost died.

Garvan McFeeley

Garvan McFeeley 59 from Dublin had no suspicion of melanoma until a routine GP visit in late 2021 resulted in being referred to the plastic surgery team in the hospital to investigate a lump on his ear.

This is Garvan’s story.

As most Irish people will attest to, we really don’t get enough information around the importance of sunscreen and how much of it we should use. It really wasn’t something I gave much thought to until a routine visit to my GP led to a diagnosis and an emotional rollercoaster that I could not have prepared myself for.

My GP had concerns about a lump on my ear and referred me to the hospital for the plastic surgery team to investigate it. I had no suspicion of melanoma but then came the diagnosis.
In March 2022, I was diagnosed with Amelanotic Melanoma on my ear. The next steps are a blur as treatment commenced. It was mid Covid which made the whole process more challenging and lonelier.

Thankfully, with my wife’s support I made it through the scans, tests, appointments and surgery. I was also fortunate in having a very understanding employer, good friends, colleagues and supportive relatives. Everyone I encountered in the hospital or in my GP were wonderful and reassuring. A special thanks to the makers of the tea and toast post surgery. They were all invaluable to me and I am forever grateful. The Scanxiety is something you are just not prepared for. This is the underlying stress before every scan, test or appointment. It sticks with you until the results and then you get a reprieve until the next time. There is almost always this baseline anxiety that sticks with you, like some form of PTSD.

My advice to others is get some cancer buddies from relatives and friends who have been through any cancer. The rollercoaster is the same. It is a level of understanding that only those who have been through it can understand.

Avail of any supports available, practical, emotional whatever you can. I found the Melanoma Support Ireland group brilliant.

I find the SunSmart App very useful. I could write a book on suncreams, which ones for near the eyes, which ones for arms etc. Read the quantity needed on a suncream bottle, this was an eye opener for me. A 200ml bottle typically is about six applications for face, arms, legs, etc.
Putting on suncream on a midwinter’s day or before sunrise if you are going travelling is a bit odd still but this matters.

When looking at my possible causes the most likely cause is from sunburn incidents in childhood with blistering. Parents are much better informed now than when I was growing up.
I have never used a sun bed and I am in full support of a complete ban on them.
I hope that by sharing my experience and advice it can help people make more informed decisions about being SunSmart, maybe go to their GP sooner or feel a little less alone in their experience.

Jacinta O’Brien

Jacinta O’Brien from Bray Co Wicklow was only 38 when first diagnosed with Skin Cancer. She had noticed a mole on her forehead had started to itch and while she was told it was nothing to worry about, her instincts told her to persist.

This is Jacinta’s story.

I’ve always been very fair-skinned, so I knew I needed to be careful in the sun - especially after losing my uncle to melanoma when he was just 19. While living in London, I noticed a mole on my forehead had started to itch. Even though I was initially told it was ‘nothing’, I trusted my instincts and kept pushing until it was removed. A few weeks later, I got the news: it was melanoma, already at Stage 2. Hearing the word cancer was terrifying. In that moment, I genuinely thought I was going to die.

I had surgery on my face, and eight lymph nodes were removed for testing. Thankfully, the cancer hadn’t spread. I felt incredibly lucky and, for a time, I believed that chapter of my life was behind me. I moved back to Ireland and life slowly returned to normal - until March 2020, when I found a lump on my jawline. Tests confirmed my worst fear: the melanoma was back, it had spread to my lymph nodes, and this time it was Stage 3. I needed more surgery to remove two lumps, which left me with significant scarring on my face.

Thankfully, I was able to access targeted treatment quickly and responded really well. I had an incredible medical team around me, but it was still a long and demanding road. I remained on treatment for two and a half years, learning to live with the uncertainty that comes with cancer while trying to hold down a full-time job and live as normal a life as I could.

After my second diagnosis and recovery, I knew I wanted to do something meaningful with what I had been through. I decided to explore in the area of cancer support, and I returned to education to complete a degree in counselling and psychotherapy. I’m now in my final year and have found the process challenging but a rewarding path to take.

Then, in September 2024, the cancer came back for a third time in the same area on my jawline. This time, I began immunotherapy. Once again, I was very fortunate to respond well to treatment. I was also given the opportunity to have radiotherapy, along with another surgery. While it has been another huge challenge, I’ve faced it with a very different mindset - stronger, more informed, and more determined than ever.

I’m here today because the original mole was on my face - somewhere I could see it. That made all the difference. Melanoma has changed my life in ways I never could have imagined, and now I do everything I can to encourage people to protect their skin, trust their instincts, and get anything unusual checked. A tan is never worth the risk.

Ollie White

Waterford father of two Ollie White is sharing his story to help raise awareness of Skin Cancer and the importance of early detection. Ollie was proactive in making an appointment with his GP when he noticed what he thought were recurring cold sores.

This is Ollie’s story.

In 2021 following a holiday, I finally made an appointment with my GP regarding what I thought were recurring cold sores. My GP Dr. Paul Campbell felt it needed further investigation and I was referred to ENT Consultant Mr Liam Skinner. After a number of tests, it was discovered I had cancer in my lip.

I had to have an operation which led to having 2cm of my lip removed. This thankfully did not need any follow up treatment. Mr Skinner felt that my body skin in general was sun damaged and referred me to a Dermatologist Dr. William O’Connor for further review. I had my first appointment in January 2023 and following on from this, he took a biopsy from my eyelid. Thankfully, this came back as benign.

While I was under the care of Mr. O’Connor in Cork, I continued to be monitored by Mr Skinner in Waterford. In the summer of 2023 after an examination, he noticed damaged skin on my scalp.
A biopsy of my scalp revealed I had cancer again. I had a surgical procedure under local anaesthetic to remove it. On follow up he felt that I should go and see another ENT consultant in Beaumont Hospital, Mr Neville Shine. And in December 2023, this led to further surgery on my scalp going right down to the cranium. Mr Shine recommended a course of radiotherapy. I had ten sessions in UPMC, Whitfield, Waterford from February 2024 to March 2024. And thankfully, it was a success.

I continued having yearly check-ups with Mr O Connor which led to me having a further biopsy, this time from my neck in 2024 and then my nose in 2025, which all turned out to be clear.
I continue to have check-ups in Waterford and Cork and to date, nothing has caused alarm.
I have an active outdoor lifestyle, walking, golfing and play padel. I am more sun smart than ever. I wear large, brimmed hats and top up with sunscreen regularly.

My advice to all people, young and old is to cover up in the sun and wear sunscreen.

“Skin cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, yet it remains one of the most common in Ireland. We cannot change our skin type, but we can change our behaviour. It can be picked up early, and that is when it is most treatable. Taking a few minutes to become familiar with what is normal for your skin, and seeking medical advice if something looks strange compared to the rest of your skin, are simple steps that can have a significant impact on outcomes.”

Dr. Patrick OrmondSkin cancer specialist and Consultant Dermatologist, St James's Hospital.

Talking

Melanoma

Over the next eight episodes, our hosts, and guest-host Dermatology Nurse Specialist Selene Daly, will be talking to some great guests like Dr. Patrick Ormond and Dr Osama Salib about the realities of a skin cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as hearing from patients that are living with and beyond melanoma.

We will also hear about some of the supports in place in Ireland and how to cope with a melanoma diagnosis and possible side effects with psycho-oncologist Yvonne O’Meara. We will even have an exclusive interview with Dr Triona McCarthy from the NCCP to discuss how we can all do our part to help reduce our risk of melanoma in the future.

With thanks to our sponsor…

Season 1

Talking Melanoma

Here’s a sneak peek at what to expect from this series of The Marie Keating Foundation Talks Cancer!

Season 1

Episode 1: An Introduction to Melanoma with Dermatology Nurse Specialist Selene Daly

On this episode of “The Marie Keating Foundation Talks Cancer” podcast, our hosts Director of Nursing Services Helen Forristal, Assistant Director of Nursing Bernie Carter and Dermatology Nurse Specialist Selene Daly discuss what melanoma is, the role of a dermatology nurse, how we can all reduce our risk of skin cancer while also sharing some bad sun habits they themselves used to indulge in.

Season 1

Episode 2: Melanoma Diagnosis the First Steps with Consultant Dermatologist Dr Patrick Ormond

On this episode of the Marie Keating Foundation Talks Cancer podcast, we are chatting to Consultant Dermatologist Dr Patrick Ormond about all things skin. Discussing the signs you should be looking out for on your skin, Breslow depth, the dangers of sunbeds and the process your team goes through to diagnose skin cancer and melanoma. Listen to our full conversation now, and like, follow and subscribe for more.

Season 1

Episode 3: The treatment plan with Dr. Osama Salib and Prof. Derek Power

On this episode of the Marie Keating Foundation Talks Cancer Podcast, we will be #TalkingMelanoma treatment with Radio-oncologist Dr Osama Salib and Consultant Oncologist Prof Derek Power.

From radiation treatment and immunotherapy to pain management and multidisciplinary teams, in this episode, we will be exploring the treatment options available for those at every stage of a melanoma journey, and the realities of Stage 4 maintenance and care.

Season 1

Episode 4: The journey from diagnosis to follow up care with melanoma survivor Evelyn O’Neill

On this episode of the Marie Keating Foundation Talks Cancer Podcast, our hosts Helen and Bernie chat to melanoma survivor Evelyn O’Neill about what her experience was like being diagnosed and treated for melanoma during a global pandemic.

From spotting a dark mole, to going in for surgery without the support of her family and friends, Evelyn’s story is unique as it explores the emotional impact a melanoma diagnosis can have on those affected by the disease. Listen to our conversation today and learn what Evelyn wished she had known about melanoma before she was diagnosed.

Season 1

Episode 5: Melanoma Myth Busting With Dermatology Nurse Specialist Selene Daly

On this episode of the Marie Keating Foundation Talks Cancer Podcast, our hosts Helen, Bernie and Selene debunk some well known “SunSmart facts” to help us all get to know the truth about protecting our skin. Over the course of this episode, our hosts share some of the bad sun habits they themselves used to believe and correct some misinformation about sunscreen, sunbeds and much more to make sure we all know how to look after our skin from now on. This is an episode you won’t want to miss and is a step by step guide of what NOT to do this summer season.

Season 1

Episode 6: Living Well With Melanoma, a conversation with Kay Curtin and Shirley McEntee

On the this week’s episode of the Marie Keating Foundation Talks Cancer Podcast, Helen and Bernie have the opportunity to speak to Kay Curtin and Shirley McEntee about living life with metastatic melanoma. From original diagnoses, to progress in the treatment of melanoma over the years and how these incredible women have learned to adapt to their current treatment plans, their journeys are truly inspiring. Listen to their stories and conversations today and find out how Kay and Shirley are now living well with advanced-stage melanoma.

Season 1

Episode 7: Talking Melanoma and supportive services with Yvonne OMeara and Stacey Devanney

This week on the Marie Keating Foundation Talks Cancer Podcast, we are chatting to Systemic Psychotherapist and Psycho-social Oncologist Yvonne O’Meara and Senior Social Medical Worker Stacey Devanney about the emotional and financial implications of a melanoma cancer journey. From practical tips on how to manage financially during treatment and the resources available to those on active treatment, to advice and resources on how to manage your emotions and mental health during diagnosis, treatment and late stage palliative care. Tune in to the conversation today and learn about the steps you can take to help support your loved ones that are on a melanoma journey.

Season 1

Episode 8: Melanoma Prevention with Dr. Caitriona McCarthy

For the final episode of our #TalkingMelanoma series, hosts Bernie and Helen chat to Dr Triona McCarthy about the NCCP’s skin cancer prevention programme, the SunSmart code and the simple steps we can all take to reduce our risk of developing skin cancer in the future. We also explore the importance of looking after younger skin and how we can all do our part to prevent skin cancer in future generations. This episode is full of helpful tips and information and is definitely one to listen to before you head out for your daily stroll.

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